SS-31

SS-31, also known as elamipretide in clinical research contexts, is a mitochondria-targeted peptide studied for mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, cardiolipin interaction, and cellular-energy production. It is designed to localize to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where researchers examine its effects on electron transport, ATP production, reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial stability. SS-31 is relevant in models involving aging, muscle function, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular stress, and metabolic dysfunction. It is often studied alongside mitochondrial peptides such as MOTS-c, though SS-31 is more focused on mitochondrial protection and membrane function.